What happens to the solar electric system if it is hit by a lightning strike?

Since a roof-parallel photovoltaic system does not increase the likelihood of lightning strikes, the solar modules themselves are not at a higher risk than the inverter or other devices connected to the grid. However, in the rare event of a direct lightning strike into the solar generator, considerable damage to the modules is to be expected. The integration into a lightning protection system can help (external lightning protection).

Indirect or near lightning strikes, in which a partial lightning current flows through the electrical installation or rather an overvoltage is induced there, are much more common. In this case, staggered surge protection at the feed-in point or at the PV generator can greatly reduce the risk of damage (internal lightning protection). Modern inverters are also protected against atmospheric disturbances by thermally monitored varistors.

The grounding of the module frame and the substructure is not mandatory, but recommended. If a lightning protection system is installed on the building, the solar modules and the substructure may need to be integrated there.
In any case, it is recommended to develop a suitable protection concept, particularly with regard to the insurance premiums. Due to the complexity of the topic, you should always consult a lightning protection expert.